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EU: Reselling Downloaded Games to Become Legal Obligation

Jan 03,2025 Author: Chloe

欧盟法院裁定:可转售已下载游戏

欧盟法院裁定,消费者有权转售先前购买的已下载游戏和软件,即使存在最终用户许可协议(EULA)。本文将深入探讨这一判决。

欧盟法院批准转售可下载游戏

版权耗尽原则与版权界限

欧盟法院裁定,消费者可以合法转售先前购买并玩过的可下载游戏和软件。这一决定源于德国法院对软件经销商UsedSoft与开发商Oracle之间的一场法律诉讼。

法院确立的原则是分销权的耗尽(版权耗尽原则₁)。这意味着,当版权持有人出售一份副本并授予客户无限期使用该副本的权利时,分销权即告耗尽,允许转售。

这一决定适用于欧盟成员国的消费者,涵盖通过Steam、GOG和Epic Games等平台获得的游戏。最初的购买者有权出售游戏许可证,允许其他人(“买方”)从发行商的网站下载游戏。

判决书写道:“一份许可协议授予客户无限期使用该副本的权利,该权利持有人将副本出售给客户,从而耗尽其独家分销权……因此,即使许可协议禁止进一步转让,权利持有人也不能再反对转售该副本。”

实际上,流程可能如下:最初的买方提供游戏许可证的代码,在出售/转售后放弃访问权限。然而,缺乏明确的交易市场或系统会带来复杂性,并留下许多未解之谜。

例如,关于注册转移如何进行的问题。例如,实体副本仍将在原始所有者的帐户下注册。

(1) “版权耗尽原则限制了版权所有者控制其作品分销的一般权利。一旦在版权持有人的同意下出售了作品的副本,该权利就被认为是‘耗尽’的——这意味着购买者可以自由转售该副本,而权利所有者无权反对。”(来自Lexology.com)

转售者在转售后无法访问或玩游戏

发行商在用户协议中插入不可转让条款,但该裁决推翻了欧盟成员国中的此类限制。虽然消费者获得了转售的权利,但限制在于出售数字游戏的人不能继续玩它。

欧盟法院指出:“获得有形或无形计算机程序副本的原始购买者,其版权持有人的分销权已耗尽,必须在其转售时使其下载到自己计算机上的副本无法使用。如果他继续使用它,他将侵犯版权持有人的计算机程序独家复制权。”

允许为程序使用进行必要的副本复制

关于复制权,法院澄清说,虽然独家分销权已耗尽,但独家复制权仍然存在,但它“受合法获得者使用所需复制的限制”。规则还允许制作使用程序所需的目的的副本,任何合同都不能阻止这一点。

“在这种情况下,法院的答复是,任何后续获得版权持有人分销权已耗尽的副本的获得者都构成这样的合法获得者。因此,他可以将其计算机下载到第一获得者出售给他的副本。这种下载必须被视为计算机程序的复制,这是使新的获得者能够根据其预期目的使用该程序所必需的。”(来自《欧盟版权法:评论》(埃尔加知识产权法系列评论)第二版)

对备份副本销售的限制

值得注意的是,法院裁定,备份副本不能转售。合法获得者被限制转售计算机程序的备份副本。

“计算机程序的合法获得者不能转售程序的备份副本。”这是根据欧盟法院(CJEU)在Aleksandrs Ranks & Jurijs Vasilevics诉微软公司案中的裁决。

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